ABSTRACT
Abstract This study aims to measure the time allocated to child raising using parents' self-assessment and the criterion of subjective time sufficiency or insufficiency. We surveyed 545 Russian parents from the Ural region and used factor analysis to identify the main determinants that affect the self-assessment of time allocated to parenting. We found that parents in the Russian Ural region believe they do not spend enough time with their children. Reasons for the insufficient amount of time allocated to parenting are the following: overload of labor duties at home and at work, psychological causes of intergenerational interaction, external reasons − studies, poor health, the need to care for other relatives and so on.
Resumo Este estudo tenta medir o tempo alocado aos filhos por meio da autoavaliação dos pais e do critério de suficiência subjetiva ou tempo insuficiente. Foram pesquisados 545 pais russos da região dos Urais e utilizou-se a análise fatorial para identificar os principais determinantes que afetam a autoavaliação do tempo alocado pelos pais. Verificou-se que os pais nas regiões russas dos Urais têm uma opinião comum de que não passam tempo suficiente com seus filhos. As razões para o tempo insuficiente alocado à educação dos filhos são as seguintes: sobrecarga de tarefas em casa e no trabalho; causas psicológicas de interação intergeracional; e razões externas, como estudo, saúde precária e necessidade de cuidar de outros parentes.
Resumen Este estudio intenta medir el tiempo asignado a los niños por medio de la autoevaluación de los padres y del criterio de suficiencia subjetiva o de insuficiencia de tiempo. Se encuestaron 545 padres rusos de la región de los Urales y se usó el análisis factorial para identificar los principales determinantes que afectan la autoevaluación del tiempo asignado a la crianza de los hijos. Descubrimos que en las regiones rusas los padres tienen la opinión común de que no pasan suficiente tiempo con sus hijos. Las razones para la cantidad insuficiente de tiempo asignado a la crianza de los hijos son la sobrecarga de deberes laborales en el hogar y en el trabajo, causas psicológicas de la interacción intergeneracional, o razones externas como estudio, mala salud o necesidad de cuidar a otros familiares.
Subject(s)
Humans , Family , Child Rearing , Workload , Russia , Parent-Child Relations , Personnel Staffing and Scheduling , Education , External CausesABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the accuracy of intelligent calculation (IC) method for risk assessment of hospitalization for patients, aiming to build a more advantageous risk assessment system.Methods:The "Search Engine" program was developed based on hospital information system (HIS) of the Fifth Center Hospital in Tianjin, which automatically captured patient information and generated nutritional risk screening 2002 (NRS 2002) score, Caprini thrombosis risk assessment model and Padua thrombosis risk assessment model for venous thromboembolism (VTE), the CHA 2DS 2-VASc for predicting stroke risk stratification in atrial fibrillation and the HAS-BLED for predicting bleeding risk in anticoagulated patients with atrial fibrillation. A randomized controlled trial was conducted. According to the applicable conditions of each risk assessment, 100 risk scores from "Search Engine" program belonged to each risk assessment were randomly selected, defined as the IC group. Manual scoring with the data of the same case at the same time, defined as the traditional calculation (TC) group, compared the consistency of the scores and the difference in time-consuming between the two groups. Results:The Bland-Altman plots showed that the 95% limits of agreement (95% LoA) of NRS 2002 score, Caprini score, Padua score, CHA 2DS 2-VASc score and HAS-BLED score was -0.46 to 0.41, -0.49 to 0.52, -0.50 to 0.41, -0.67 to 0.60, -0.44 to 0.43, respectively, all P > 0.05. In this study, the Bland-Altman plot showed that 95%, 96%, 97%, 97%, 95% plots fell within the 95% LoA in NRS 2002 score, Caprini score, Padua score, wwCHA 2DS 2-VASc score and HAS-BLED score by the two methods, respectively. The all plots of 95% LoA were within the clinically acceptable range (-0.5 to 0.5 scores). The time-consuming of NRS 2002 score, Caprini score, Padua score, CHA 2DS 2-VASc score and HAS-BLED score in IC group were significantly shorter than those in TC group [0.72 (0.71, 0.73) seconds vs. 361.02 (322.41, 361.02) seconds, 0.72 (0.72, 0.73) seconds vs. 196.68 (179.99, 291.20) seconds, 0.72 (0.72, 0.73) seconds vs. 105.75 (92.32, 114.70) seconds, 0.72 (0.71, 0.72) seconds vs. 72.66 (56.24, 84.20) seconds, 0.72 (0.71, 0.72) seconds vs. 51.30 (38.88, 57.15) seconds, respectively, all P < 0.001]. Conclusion:For the above five risk assessments, the TC method and IC method has good consistency in scores, and the IC method is faster, which has good application prospect for clinical application.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To shorten time consuming for dispensing mode of automatic medicine packaging machine(ATC), and improve the efficiency of ATC. METHODS:In the inpatient pharmacy of our hospital,previous dispensing mode that two ATC matched with one tablet case separately was replaced by new mode,i.e. one ATC(another ATC was on standby)matched with two tablet cases(one of them added medicine beforehand),and the information of drug-position coordinate was equipped. The time con-sumed,average daily number of packages,financial expenses and labor costs were recorded and analyzed to evaluated the effect of new mode. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:Compared with previous mode,new dispensing mode improve the efficiency of ATC greatly. In previous mode,two ATCs and four pharmacists work simultaneously and spend 4.5 hours for 3 850 bags of medicine, which cost 4 400 000 yuan;in new mode,only one ATC and three pharmacists work simultaneously,and spend 3.0 hours for 4 015 bags of medicine,which cost 2 350 000 yuan. Therefore,double-universal tablet cases greatly improves the efficiency of ATC and reduce the financial expenses as machine maintenance and labor cost.